In the development of ecological agriculture, the production of cow dung organic fertilizer is a key path to achieving the resource utilization of livestock manure. It transforms cow dung, which would otherwise pollute the environment, into a nutrient-rich, environmentally friendly agricultural fertilizer through a series of scientific and standardized organic fertilizer production processes.
Raw material pretreatment is fundamental. Fresh cow dung has a water content of 70%-80% and contains impurities such as weeds and stones. It needs to be dewatered using solid-liquid separation equipment and then screened to remove impurities. Subsequently, it is mixed with crushed straw, rice husks, and other auxiliary materials in a 3:1 ratio to adjust the water content to 55%-60% and balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio to approximately 25:1, providing suitable conditions and sufficient nutrients for subsequent fermentation.
Fermentation and maturation are the core steps to improve fertilizer efficiency and eliminate potential hazards. The uniformly mixed raw materials are sent into a sealed fermentation tank, inoculated with specialized compound bacterial agents such as Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. A compost turning machine is used to turn the material 1-2 times daily, ensuring sufficient oxygen in the tank to meet the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms and allowing for uniform fermentation. During fermentation, microorganisms rapidly multiply and decompose large organic molecules in the material, releasing a large amount of heat. The temperature in the tank gradually rises to above 55°C and needs to be maintained for more than 7 days. This high-temperature environment effectively kills harmful bacteria such as E. coli and roundworm eggs, as well as weed seeds, ensuring the safety of the fertilizer from the source. After 25-30 days of continuous fermentation, the material turns dark brown, becomes loose and porous, and the originally pungent manure odor transforms into a faint earthy smell, indicating that maturation is complete. At this point, the material has become a basic organic fertilizer base material.
Subsequent processing steps optimize the form and performance of the fertilizer according to market demand. If producing powdered organic fertilizer, the matured base material is screened again before packaging and shipping; if producing granular organic fertilizer, the matured material needs to be crushed to more than 80 mesh using an ultra-fine pulverizer, and then sent to a disc granulator. Under the action of moderate water mist spraying and mechanical rotation, uniform granules with a diameter of 2-4 mm are formed. After granulation, the particles enter a dryer to reduce the moisture content to below 15%, preventing mold during storage. They are then cooled to room temperature in a cooling machine, and finally, oversized and undersized particles are removed through a grading sieve, resulting in standardized granular organic fertilizer. After quality inspection, the product is ready for storage and sale.
From raw manure to high-quality finished product, the entire organic fertilizer making process is interconnected, scientific, and rigorous. The production of cow manure organic fertilizer not only achieves the resource utilization of waste and reduces environmental pollution, but its rich content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements also improves soil structure, enhances soil fertility, and promotes high-quality crop growth. This injects green power into the sustainable development of modern agriculture and demonstrates the profound value of ecological recycling.
