Chicken manure is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making it a high-quality raw material for organic fertilizer. However, applying it directly without treatment can easily lead to pests, diseases, and root and seedling damage. The production of organic fertilizer from chicken manure requires following standardized steps to ensure nutrient retention and harmless treatment during the production process. The following is a detailed production process:
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Step 1: Raw material pretreatment. First, screen fresh chicken manure to remove impurities such as stones and plastics to avoid affecting the fermentation effect. Then, adjust the moisture content of the chicken manure to 55%-60%, which can be judged by whether it forms a ball when squeezed and crumbles when released. If the moisture content is too high, add dry auxiliary materials such as straw and sawdust; if the moisture content is too low, spray water as needed. At the same time, mix the chicken manure and auxiliary materials in a 3:1 ratio to improve the breathability of the raw materials and create conditions for microbial activity.
Step 2: Inoculation with fermentation bacteria. Select a special organic fertilizer fermentation agent and evenly sprinkle it into the mixed raw materials according to the instructions. This can be done by layering and mixing thoroughly to ensure full contact between the agent and the raw materials. Fermentation bacteria can accelerate the decomposition of chicken manure, reduce odor production, and improve nutrient conversion efficiency. If a special agent is not available, a small amount of mature organic fertilizer can be mixed in as a "starter," but the fermentation efficiency will be slightly lower.
Step 3: Composting and fermentation. Pile the mixed raw materials into long strips 1.5-2 meters wide and 1-1.2 meters high to facilitate heat preservation and ventilation. In the initial stage of fermentation, turn the pile once a day using a compost turning machine to allow the raw materials to fully absorb oxygen and promote the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms; when the pile temperature rises above 55℃, maintain this temperature for 5-7 days to effectively kill insect eggs, pathogens, and weed seeds. Throughout the process, pay attention to the moisture content of the pile; add water promptly when it is dry to avoid interrupting fermentation.
Step 4: Judging maturity. After 15-25 days of fermentation, the volume of the pile shrinks, the color changes to dark brown, and there is no unpleasant odor, but rather a fresh earthy smell. At this point, the chicken manure is considered fully mature. If there is still an unpleasant odor or the raw materials are too dry and hard, continue turning and fermenting until the material reaches the required level of maturity. This prevents secondary fermentation after application, which could damage crops.
Step 5: Processing and shaping. The mature material is crushed and sieved to remove incompletely decomposed impurities, resulting in fine organic fertilizer raw material. If intended for sale or precision farming, it can be further processed into granules to improve ease of application and commercial value. The finished product should be stored in a sealed container in a dry and well-ventilated place to prevent moisture absorption and spoilage.
Following these steps will efficiently utilize chicken manure resources and produce high-quality organic fertilizer, contributing to green and sustainable agricultural development. Controlling moisture, temperature, and aeration during the organic fertilizer production process is crucial for successful fermentation.
