The production of pig manure organic fertilizer is a key pathway to realizing the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Its complete production process is "raw material collection—pretreatment—fermentation and composting—processing and shaping—finished product packaging." Equipment configuration must be precisely matched to this process, and the selection of core equipment directly affects the quality and production efficiency of organic fertilizer. Below is an analysis of the essential core equipment for each stage.
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The core equipment in the pretreatment stage is a solid-liquid separator and a crusher. Pig manure has a high moisture content; the solid-liquid separator can quickly separate manure residue from manure water. The moisture content of the separated solid manure residue is reduced to about 60%, meeting the fermentation requirements, while also reducing the load on subsequent processing. The crusher is used to break up impurities and lumps in the manure residue, making the material particle size uniform, laying the foundation for uniform fermentation.
The key equipment in the fermentation stage is a compost turning machine, which comes in trough type, tracked type, etc. Fermentation requires aerobic respiration of the materials. A compost turner periodically turns the material, regulating the temperature, humidity, and aeration of the pile, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and ensuring the full decomposition of pig manure. The fermentation cycle is generally 15-25 days, and the efficiency of the compost turner directly determines the fermentation progress.
The processing stage requires a dryer, cooler, screening machine, and granulator. The decomposed material still contains some moisture; the dryer can reduce the moisture content to below 15% to prevent mold growth in the finished product. The material remains at a high temperature after drying; the cooler quickly lowers the temperature to room temperature to prevent high temperatures from affecting subsequent screening and packaging processes, while also improving the stability of the finished organic fertilizer. The screening machine removes impurities and substandard particles, ensuring uniform particle size in the finished product. The granulator processes loose materials into granules, improving product appearance and ease of transport; common types include disc granulators and new type organic fertilizer granulators.
Auxiliary equipment includes conveyor belts and packaging machines. Conveyor belts connect various processing stages, enabling automated material transfer and reducing labor costs; packaging machines can seal finished products by fixed weight, facilitating storage and sales. Furthermore, large-scale production requires wastewater treatment equipment to treat the separated manure, achieving clean production.
In summary, the entire organic fertilizer production process requires the integration of various types of equipment, including separation, fermentation, processing, and transportation. Appropriate selection of equipment based on production scale is crucial to improving resource utilization efficiency, producing high-quality organic fertilizer, and contributing to the green development of agriculture.
