Chicken manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements, making it a high-quality raw material for organic fertilizer. Scientific production of organic fertilizer can not only realize the resource utilization of waste and reduce environmental pollution, but also provide green and efficient nutrients for crops and help the development of ecological agriculture.The organic fertilizer production process mainly includes five core steps: raw material pretreatment, fermentation and maturation, processing and granulation, drying and cooling, and screening and packaging. Strict attention to detail is required throughout the process to ensure the quality of the organic fertilizer.
Raw material pretreatment is the foundation of production. Fresh chicken manure has a high water content and many impurities, requiring solid-liquid separation to control the water content to 60%-65%, preventing anaerobic decay during fermentation. Simultaneously, impurities such as stones, plastics, and weeds are removed by screening. Then, straw, sawdust, and other auxiliary materials are added in proportion, adjusting the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 25:1-30:1 to provide a suitable environment for microbial fermentation and improve fermentation efficiency.
Fermentation and maturation are the key steps in organic fertilizer production, directly determining the fertilizer's fertility and safety. The pretreated mixture should be evenly piled up to a height of 1.2-1.5 meters, a width of 2-3 meters, and the length adjusted according to production volume, ensuring good ventilation. During fermentation, use a compost turner to regularly turn the pile, controlling the temperature at 55-65℃. This temperature effectively kills pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds, while promoting microbial activity and decomposing organic matter in the chicken manure. Generally, turn the pile 3-4 times, fermenting for 15-20 days. The composting is complete when the pile turns dark brown, is odorless, and becomes loose and crumbly.
The composted material needs to be processed and granulated to improve its fertilizer usability. Crush the composted material, remove any large impurities, and feed it into a granulator. Use disc granulation or rotary drum granulation to produce uniform organic fertilizer granules, facilitating storage, transportation, and field application, and preventing clumping.
After granulation, the granules need to be dried and cooled to reduce their moisture content. The granules are fed into a dryer, with the temperature controlled at 80-100℃, and dried until the moisture content is below 15%. They are then cooled to room temperature in a cooler to prevent clumping and deterioration, while also increasing their hardness.
Finally, the granules are screened and packaged. A screening machine selects uniformly sized, qualified granules, removing powder and substandard granules (which can be re-crushed and granulated). Qualified granules are weighed, sealed in woven bags, and labeled with production date, shelf life, and other information before being stored and sold.
These organic fertilizer production steps are interconnected, and each step must strictly adhere to standards to produce high-quality, safe, and efficient chicken manure organic fertilizer, truly turning waste into treasure and empowering the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.
