Organic fertilizer production is a systematic project that balances environmental protection and agricultural value. Its core is the harmless and resource-based transformation of waste. The quality of the fertilizer directly depends on the key control of each stage of production. The entire production process revolves around four main stages: raw material processing, fermentation and maturation, processing and shaping, and finished product management. Each stage has clearly defined key points. Precise control of these details is crucial for producing high-quality, safe, and efficient organic fertilizer that meets the needs of agricultural production.
The key to raw material processing is "purity" and "reasonable proportions." Raw materials must be selected from pollution-free waste such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw. Strict screening is required to remove impurities such as stones and plastics to avoid affecting fertilizer efficiency and subsequent processing. Simultaneously, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio must be precisely controlled to 25-30:1, and the moisture content to 55%-60%. Appropriate amounts of composting agents can be added to ensure smooth fermentation, which is the foundation for balanced nutrition in organic fertilizer and avoids problems such as incomplete fermentation and excessive odor.
Fermentation and maturation is the core stage of organic fertilizer production. The key points are "temperature control" and "ventilation." During fermentation, the temperature must be maintained above 55℃ for 3-5 days. High temperatures thoroughly kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds, achieving harmlessness. Simultaneously, regular turning and ventilation are necessary to ensure sufficient oxygen for microbial reproduction and to promptly remove harmful gases such as ammonia produced during fermentation, promoting the full decomposition and transformation of raw materials. When the material turns dark brown and has no obvious odor, it indicates successful fermentation. Insufficient or excessive fermentation will negatively impact fertilizer efficiency.
The key to processing and shaping is particle size and moisture control. The fermented material needs to be crushed to a uniform particle size, removing any unfermented lumps. After granulation, it must be dried to reduce the moisture content to below 30% to prevent clumping and mold growth during storage. It should then be cooled to room temperature to ensure uniform granule formation and resistance to breakage, improving the storage and application convenience of the organic fertilizer and adapting it to the application needs of different farmlands.
The key to finished product management is compliant testing and standardized storage. Finished products must be tested strictly according to national standards, with key controls on indicators such as organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, and heavy metal content. Only products that pass the tests can be packaged. After packaging, complete product information must be labeled, and the products must be stored in a dry, ventilated, and rainproof warehouse to prevent moisture absorption and spoilage, ensuring the stable quality of the organic fertilizer delivered to the user.
These key points are interconnected and permeate the entire organic fertilizer production process. Only by strictly controlling every detail can the value of waste resource utilization be realized, high-quality organic fertilizer produced, and strong support provided for soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development.
