In the production of organic fertilizers, fermentation and maturation are not simply "composting," but rather a core process that determines fertilizer quality and effectiveness. With the help of compost turning machines to facilitate aeration and ventilation of the materials, and through the precise action of microorganisms, the transformation and purification of organic matter are completed, transforming raw organic materials from "potentially harmful raw materials" into "soil-nourishing fertilizer sources," laying a solid foundation for ecological farming.
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The primary core of fermentation and maturation is harmless treatment, eliminating potential risks in the materials. Raw materials such as livestock manure and crop residues often contain a large number of pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, and weed seeds. Direct application can induce soil-borne diseases and breed pests. During the maturation process, the heat released by microbial activity can maintain the material temperature at above 55°C for several days, effectively killing harmful organisms such as E. coli and nematodes, and inactivating weed seeds. This cuts off the transmission path of pests and diseases at the source, reducing the use of pesticides and aligning with the concept of green farming.
Nutrient transformation is the core function of fermentation and maturation, achieving the transformation from "ineffective nutrients" to "readily available nutrients." Nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in raw materials mostly exist in large-molecule organic forms, which cannot be directly absorbed by crop roots. During the maturation process, microorganisms decompose large-molecule organic matter into small-molecule nutrients such as ammonium nitrogen, readily available phosphorus, and water-soluble potassium, while also generating active substances such as humic acid and amino acids. This not only improves nutrient absorption efficiency but also allows for slow release of nutrients, preventing nutrient loss and providing crops with a sustained supply of nutrition.
In addition, fermentation and maturation optimize fertilizer characteristics and contribute to soil ecological restoration. The matured organic fertilizer is mild in nature and will not cause high-temperature burns to the roots due to secondary fermentation after being applied to the soil, thus protecting the health of crop roots. The humic substances produced are also a "natural cementing agent" for soil aggregate structure, which can improve soil compaction and salinization problems and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, the beneficial microorganisms in the matured materials can activate the soil's indigenous microbial community, building a healthy soil micro-ecosystem and improving crop resistance and quality.
If fermentation and maturation are neglected in the organic fertilizer production process, the organic fertilizer may become a "burden on the soil." Only through thorough decomposition can organic fertilizers possess both effectiveness and safety, realizing the dual value of "nurturing seedlings" and "improving soil," and injecting ecological momentum into the sustainable development of modern agriculture.
