Cow dung is a high-quality natural organic raw material, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements. However, untreated cow dung is prone to breeding bacteria, emitting odors, and causing environmental pollution. Processing cow dung into granular organic fertilizer using standardized processes can achieve resource utilization of livestock waste and produce high-quality agricultural fertilizer, contributing to the circular development of ecological agriculture.
The processing of cow dung into granular organic fertilizer follows a complete and standardized organic fertilizer production process, consisting of four main steps: raw material pretreatment, high-temperature composting and fermentation, fine granulation, drying, screening, and packaging. The processes are interconnected and the operations are standardized, ensuring a stable production of high-quality organic fertilizer. Raw material pretreatment is the fundamental step in production. First, fresh cow dung is collected, and impurities such as plastic and stones are removed manually and mechanically. Based on the original moisture content of the cow dung, appropriate amounts of organic additives such as straw and sawdust are added, precisely adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material to control the overall moisture content at around 55%. After thorough mixing, the material becomes loose and breathable, fundamentally preventing problems such as clumping and incomplete decomposition during subsequent fermentation, thus laying a solid foundation for later processes.
After pretreatment, the core high-temperature decomposition and fermentation process begins. An environmentally friendly aerobic fermentation mode is used, where the proportioned materials are piled up for fermentation. The overall fermentation cycle is approximately 25 days, divided into a 10-12 day primary fermentation and a 15-day secondary fermentation. During fermentation, the pile is regularly turned and aerated using a compost turning machine to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and uniform fermentation. The high temperature generated during fermentation thoroughly kills insect eggs, harmful bacteria, and weed seeds in the cow manure. When the material turns into a uniform dark brown color, has no pungent odor, and a loose and fine texture, it is considered fully decomposed and meets the standards for harmless processing. Next, the material enters the fine granulation and molding stage. The decomposed material is fed into a half-wet material crusher for pulverization, and then sieved to obtain pure powder with uniform particle size. The nutrient ratio can be finely adjusted according to the growth needs of different crops, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred and homogenized. Finally, a new type organic fertilizer granulator machine is used to produce compact and uniform fertilizer granules, solving the shortcomings of traditional powdered fertilizers, such as easy dust generation and nutrient loss. The formed granules undergo drying, cooling, polishing, and sieving processes in sequence to stabilize the fertilizer moisture content at around 20%, improving the roundness and stability of the granules. After the qualified finished products are screened out, they are sealed and packaged, thus completing the entire production process.
The process of processing cow manure into granular organic fertilizer is simple and inexpensive. The entire organic fertilizer production process is green and environmentally friendly, effectively solving the problem of manure pollution from livestock farming while producing ecological agricultural inputs with balanced nutrients and long-lasting effects. Long-term application can effectively improve soil compaction and enhance soil fertility, making it suitable for planting various crops such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and oilseeds. This integrated farming and animal husbandry processing model realizes the resource utilization of waste, contributes to green agricultural income growth, and highly aligns with the concept of sustainable development in modern agriculture.
