Organic fertilizer is an eco-friendly product made from raw materials such as livestock manure, crop straw, and agricultural waste through harmless treatment and decomposition (composting). It offers a comprehensive range of nutrients and significantly improves soil quality.The standardized organic fertilizer production process comprises five core steps; with regulated procedures and controllable operations, it enables the consistent production of high-quality organic fertilizer.
The first step is raw material pretreatment, which lays the foundation for production. Raw materials—such as livestock manure, straw, and sawdust—are selected to ensure they are free from mold and heavy metal contamination. Fibrous materials like straw are crushed into 1–3 cm pieces, and impurities such as stones and plastics are removed. Next, the material mix is optimized: the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio is adjusted to approximately 25:1, and water is added and mixed in to maintain a moisture content of 50%–60%. The ideal consistency is achieved when the material forms a clump in the hand—seeping water between the fingers without dripping—thereby ensuring efficient subsequent microbial fermentation.
The second step, high-temperature aerobic fermentation, is the core process. Pretreated materials are piled into fermentation tanks or onto a designated site, where specialized fermentation microbial agents are evenly added and mixed in to initiate aerobic fermentation. An organic fertilizer compost turner periodically turns the material, while a ventilation system supplies oxygen, maintaining the material temperature between 55°C and 70°C. This sustained high temperature effectively kills insect eggs, weed seeds, and harmful pathogens. The fermentation cycle lasts approximately 15 to 20 days, during which temperature and ventilation are monitored to ensure full decomposition and the complete elimination of odors and harmful substances.
The third step involves crushing and screening to refine the material quality. After fermentation and decomposition, the material has a loose texture; it is allowed to cool naturally before being fed into a crusher to break up any clumps. Subsequently, a vibrating screen is used to grade the material, removing undecomposed hard lumps and coarse fibrous impurities. This ensures uniform fineness and a smooth texture that meets the standards for organic fertilizer base materials, paving the way for further processing.
The fourth step is granulation, drying, and shaping. While powdered organic fertilizer can be sold as a finished product, commercial granular organic fertilizer requires shaping via a new type organic fertilizer granulator. After granulation, the material is fed into a drum dryer for low-temperature drying; temperatures are strictly controlled to prevent nutrient loss and reduce moisture content to below 20%. Subsequently, the granules pass through a cooling unit to lower their temperature and set their structure, thereby preventing caking and mold growth while enhancing granule hardness and stability.
The final step involves quality inspection, packaging, and warehousing. Finished fertilizer undergoes sampling and testing to verify organic matter, nutrient content, moisture levels, and safety compliance. Once standards are met, automated equipment is used for quantitative packaging, sealing, and labeling. Finally, the products are categorized and stored in the warehouse. The entire process adheres to environmental standards, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste while balancing ecological benefits with agricultural value. This organic fertilizer production process is simple, efficient, and eco-friendly, making it well-suited for large-scale production.
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