Organic fertilizer production uses agricultural and livestock waste as its core raw material, transforming waste into treasure through scientific processes. The organic fertilizer production line primarily consists of four key steps: raw material pretreatment, fermentation and composting, subsequent processing, and finished product testing. Each step is closely linked to ensure the quality and safety of the organic fertilizer.
Raw material pretreatment is the foundation of production. First, the raw materials must be screened. Commonly used materials include livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, and garden branches. Impurities such as plastic and stones must be removed to prevent them from affecting subsequent processing. Next, the raw materials are blended, adjusting the ratio based on their carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio—typically maintaining a C/N ratio between 25:1 and 30:1.
Fermentation and composting are crucial for fertilizer effectiveness. The pretreated raw materials are fed into fermentation tanks or composting piles, utilizing "thermal aerobic fermentation" technology. Regular composting with a compost turning machine maintains a temperature of 55-65°C, which kills insect eggs, pathogens, and weed seeds, while also promoting microbial growth. Temperature and humidity are monitored throughout the process. If humidity exceeds 65%, dry straw is added to adjust the humidity. If the temperature is too low, the composting frequency is increased. After approximately 15-25 days, the compost becomes dark brown, odorless, and loose, indicating complete fermentation and composting, becoming a semi-finished organic fertilizer.
Subsequent processing steps focus on improving the compost's usability and stability. First, the composted material undergoes secondary crushing, reducing the particle size to 10-15 mm. Screening equipment then separates impurities that are not fully composted. Based on market demand, some production lines add small amounts of nutritional supplements such as humic acid and amino acids to increase the added value of the organic fertilizer. Finally, the compost enters the granulation and drying stages: a granulator forms pellets for easy storage and application, followed by a dryer to control moisture content to below 15% to prevent clumping and mold in the finished product.
Product inspection is the final line of defense before shipment. Testers test organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, pH, heavy metals, and harmful microbial counts according to national standards to ensure compliance with the "Organic Fertilizer" (NY 525-2021) requirements. Once qualified, the fertilizer is packaged and labeled and released to the market, contributing to green agricultural production.
The entire process, centered on "resource utilization, harmlessness, and standardization," not only addresses waste pollution but also provides ecological fertilizer for agriculture, serving as a key support for promoting a circular economy in agriculture.
