Organic fertilizer, a core pillar of green agriculture, uses livestock and poultry manure, straw, kitchen waste, and other waste as raw materials. Through scientific processing, it is transformed into highly efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer, achieving both resource utilization of waste and improving soil and the quality of agricultural products. The organic fertilizer production process is interconnected, requiring strict control at each stage to produce high-quality organic fertilizer. It can be divided into four main steps.
Raw material pretreatment is the foundation of production. Producers screen qualified raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, corn stalks, and mushroom residue, removing impurities such as stones and plastics to avoid affecting fertilizer efficiency and subsequent processing. Then, hard raw materials such as straw are crushed to 3-5 cm, and various raw materials are mixed in proportion, adjusting the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1, while controlling the moisture content to 50%-60%, achieving a standard where it can be formed into a ball by hand without dripping water. This creates suitable conditions for microbial fermentation; some production lines also add fermentation agents such as EM bacteria to accelerate decomposition.
Fermentation and maturation are the core steps in organic fertilizer production, divided into primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. The primary fermentation stage is a high-temperature phase. The mixed raw materials are piled into a mound 1.2-1.5 meters high, and the temperature rises to 55-70℃ within 3-5 days. This temperature effectively kills pathogens and weed seeds. During this period, the pile is turned every 3-5 days using a compost turning machine to ensure aeration. Once the temperature drops below 40℃, the secondary fermentation stage begins, lasting 15-30 days. Repeated turning promotes humification, making the material loose and odorless.
The post-processing stage determines the final form and quality of the organic fertilizer. Granulation, drying, and cooling are key steps. After fermentation, undecomposed impurities are removed by sieving, ensuring the particle size does not exceed 5 mm, preparing for subsequent granulation. During granulation, the fermented and decomposed material is fed into a new type organic fertilizer granulator. This equipment combines the advantages of traditional granulation methods, employing advanced forced mechanical stirring or high-speed rotary mixing technology, resulting in a high granulation rate and uniform, firm granules. After granulation, the granules enter the drying stage, employing low-temperature drying technology to control the moisture content below 15%, preventing mold and clumping during storage. The dried granules, still at a high temperature, immediately undergo a cooling process. Cooling equipment lowers the granule temperature to room temperature, preventing nutrient loss due to high temperatures and simultaneously increasing granule hardness and improving finished product stability. The entire post-processing must comply with environmental protection requirements, collecting and treating leachate and odors generated during fermentation to ensure a green and pollution-free production process.
Finally, the finished product is inspected and packaged. Staff test the organic matter content, pH value, and other indicators to ensure compliance with industry standards. Once qualified, the product is sealed and packaged, with relevant information labeled. Thus, a series of waste materials are scientifically processed and officially transformed into green and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer production process is an environmentally friendly practice that turns waste into treasure, with each step adhering to scientific standards. It not only solves the problem of waste pollution but also provides strong support for sustainable agricultural development, making the soil more fertile and agricultural products safer.
