For chicken manure to achieve "rebirth," fermentation is the most crucial transformative step. Freshly collected chicken manure has a moisture content exceeding 70% and contains a large number of pathogens and insect eggs. Direct use can scorch crop roots and may spread pests and diseases. Therefore, it must undergo scientific fermentation to purify and transform it.
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Preparation before fermentation is extremely important. First, the chicken manure is dehydrated to about 40% moisture content using a dewatering machine. The dehydrated manure is then transported to the fermentation workshop and mixed with crushed straw or sawdust at a ratio of 3:1. These additives not only adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the chicken manure to the optimal fermentation ratio of 25:1 but also increase its fluffiness, providing sufficient oxygen for microbial activity. Subsequently, workers evenly sprinkle in microbial inoculants. These beneficial bacteria are the "core driving force" of fermentation, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter.
The fermentation process requires precise control of temperature, humidity, and oxygen supply. The mixed materials are piled into a 1.5-meter-high heap. A compost turner turns the heap twice daily to break up clumps, replenish oxygen, and ensure even temperature distribution. Around the third day of fermentation, the temperature inside the heap rises to 55℃, entering the "high-temperature period," which lasts for 10-15 days and effectively kills harmful organisms such as E. coli and roundworm eggs. If the heap becomes too dry, a small amount of water should be sprayed to maintain humidity and prevent reduced microbial activity. If the temperature exceeds 65℃, the turning frequency should be increased to prevent beneficial bacteria from being killed by the high temperature.
After 20-30 days of fermentation, the chicken manure heap undergoes significant changes. The originally black and foul-smelling material gradually transforms into a loose, porous brown substance. The pungent odor disappears, replaced by a faint earthy smell. At this point, the large organic molecules in the chicken manure have decomposed into smaller nutrients such as amino acids and humic acid, making them easier for plants to absorb. Finally, the uncomposted impurities are removed by a screener machine, and a high-quality fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer is completed. Whether used for orchard fertilization or greenhouse vegetable cultivation, it can provide crops with mild and lasting nutrition and contribute to the development of ecological agriculture.
