Organic fertilizer uses livestock manure, straw, and other waste materials as raw materials, which are scientifically processed into green and environmentally friendly fertilizers. Its production process requires the coordinated operation of multiple types of equipment, covering four major stages: pretreatment, fermentation, deep processing, and post-treatment. Each type of equipment directly affects product quality and production efficiency, and is the core support for achieving large-scale and standardized production.
The pretreatment stage is the foundation of organic fertilizer production. The core equipment includes crushers, mixers, and conveying equipment. Crusheres are responsible for breaking down raw materials such as straw and hardened livestock manure lumps, refining them to a suitable particle size to improve subsequent fermentation efficiency. Commonly used crushers include half-wet material crushers and chain crushers, suitable for raw materials with different moisture contents. Mixers are used to uniformly mix various raw materials and precisely adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to create conditions for microbial fermentation. Horizontal two shaft paddle mixers offer high mixing uniformity and are the preferred choice for large-scale production. Conveying equipment, such as belt conveyors and screw conveyors, are responsible for connecting each process, achieving efficient transfer of raw materials, and avoiding the tediousness and loss of manual handling.
Fermentation is crucial for the proper decomposition of organic fertilizer, with the core equipment being the compost turner and fermentation tank. Compost turners come in trough and windrow types, providing oxygen, regulating temperature, and accelerating aerobic fermentation through regular turning. They also kill pathogens and insect eggs in the raw materials. For large-scale production, trough-type compost turners are often used, coupled with intelligent temperature control systems to improve efficiency. Fermentation tanks are sealed, allowing for precise temperature and humidity control, suitable for small-batch or high-requirement production scenarios. Combined with an aeration system, the fermentation cycle can be further shortened. In addition, the microbial agent addition system can accurately inoculate functional bacteria to ensure fermentation effectiveness. This system includes liquid microbial agent spraying devices and solid microbial agent mixers.
The deep processing stage is divided into powder and granule processes based on the product form, requiring different equipment. Powder production requires a secondary pulverizer and a sieve. The secondary pulverizer refines the fermented material to 80-100 mesh, and the sieve removes impurities to ensure powder uniformity. Pellet production requires additional equipment such as granulators, dryers, and coolers. Granulators come in various types, including disc and extrusion granulators, to suit different production needs. Dryers reduce the moisture content of the pellets to below 15%, while coolers prevent pellet clumping and increase their hardness.
Post-processing mainly includes packaging and environmental protection equipment. Automatic packaging machines can achieve quantitative packaging, precisely control weight, improve packaging efficiency, and are suitable for common sizes such as 25kg and 50kg. Environmental protection equipment, such as biofilters and bag filters, can handle odors and dust generated during production, meeting environmental emission requirements and are indispensable supporting equipment for large-scale production.
The appropriate combination of various equipment needs to be adjusted according to the production scale and raw material characteristics. Small-scale production can use simple equipment combinations, while large-scale production requires automated production lines to achieve efficient operation throughout the entire process. The synergistic effect of these devices promotes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, ensures the quality of organic fertilizer, and provides strong support for the development of green agriculture.
