Organic fertilizer, as a core fertilizer in ecological agriculture, involves multiple stages. Controlling every detail of the organic fertilizer production process directly affects the quality and effectiveness of the finished product. From raw material processing to finished product delivery, the following key details require particular attention.
Raw material selection is a fundamental step, requiring strict control of source and purity. Materials with high composting potential and free from pollution should be selected, such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, and food waste, avoiding the inclusion of heavy metals, plastics, glass, and other harmful substances. The moisture content of the raw materials should also be controlled, ideally within the range of 55%-60%. Too high a moisture content can lead to anaerobic fermentation and foul odors, while too low a moisture content will inhibit microbial activity. Moisture content can be adjusted to the appropriate level through drying or adding water.
The fermentation stage is the core of organic fertilizer composting, and temperature and aeration control are crucial. In the initial stage of fermentation, the pile temperature needs to be raised to above 55℃ and maintained for 5-7 days to kill insect eggs and pathogens. During this period, a compost turning machine should be used to regularly turn the compost pile to ensure oxygen supply and promote the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms. The frequency of turning should be adjusted according to the temperature changes of the compost pile. When the temperature exceeds 65℃, the pile should be turned promptly to lower the temperature and prevent nutrient loss; when the temperature is below 50℃, the frequency of turning should be reduced to maintain heat accumulation. In addition, the carbon-nitrogen ratio should be adjusted to 25:1-30:1, which can be achieved by mixing straw and livestock and poultry manure, ensuring efficient microbial metabolism.
The processing stage requires attention to particle size and impurity removal. After fermentation, the organic fertilizer needs to be crushed and screened to ensure uniform particle size, with a particle size of 2-5 millimeters, facilitating application and soil integration. At the same time, residual impurities should be removed through magnetic separation, air separation, and other methods to avoid affecting the operation of fertilization machinery or damaging crop roots.
Finished product testing is the last line of defense for quality control, requiring testing of indicators such as organic matter content, pH value, and heavy metal content. The organic matter content should be no less than 45%, the pH value should be controlled between 5.5 and 8.5, and the heavy metal content must meet national organic fertilizer standards. Only after passing quality inspection can the product be packaged and shipped. The packaging must clearly indicate the product's ingredients, production date, application methods, and other information for user convenience.
Every detail in the production of organic fertilizer is crucial to ecological benefits and agricultural output. Only by strictly controlling the standards at each stage can high-quality and safe organic fertilizers be produced, providing strong support for sustainable agricultural development.
