Organic fertilizer, as a crucial support for ecological agriculture, involves multiple stages in its production process, including raw material processing, fermentation and maturation, and processing and shaping. Improper control at any stage can lead to quality, safety, or environmental risks, affecting product efficacy and potentially causing economic losses and environmental pollution. Therefore, precise control and comprehensive management are necessary.
The raw material stage is the source of risk control in organic fertilizer production, requiring strict prevention of contaminant mixing and incompatible raw materials. Some producers illegally use livestock and poultry manure containing heavy metals and antibiotics, or mix in impurities such as plastics and glass, leading to finished products exceeding standards and failing to meet application requirements. Simultaneously, an imbalance in raw material ratios, such as excessively high or low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, directly hinders subsequent fermentation, resulting in incomplete maturation. Therefore, it is necessary to select qualified raw materials, pre-test for contaminant content, scientifically balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and remove impurities before entering the fermentation stage.
Fermentation and maturation are the core processes in organic fertilizer production, and it is crucial to avoid incomplete maturation and secondary pollution risks. Improper control of fermentation temperature and insufficient turning can lead to incomplete maturation of organic fertilizer, resulting in the survival of pathogens and insect eggs. Applying such fertilizer can easily cause crop diseases and pests, and secondary fermentation may even burn crop roots. Furthermore, improper sealing during fermentation can release foul-smelling gases, polluting the air, and leachate leakage can contaminate soil and water. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the fermentation temperature between 55-65℃, regularly turn the material to ensure even oxygen supply, and utilize odor control and leachate treatment facilities to ensure that the maturation process is completed successfully.
The processing, storage, and transportation stages require prevention of quality degradation and safety hazards. Substandard crushing and granulation processes during processing can lead to uneven product particle size and unbalanced nutrient distribution, affecting application effectiveness; incomplete drying can result in excessive moisture content in the finished product, making it prone to mold and clumping. Storage should be in a dry and well-ventilated area, avoiding dampness and direct sunlight, away from toxic and harmful substances, and preventing cross-contamination; during transportation, proper sealing and protection should be ensured to prevent leakage, and the cleanliness of transportation vehicles should be maintained to prevent secondary pollution. Furthermore, it is necessary to mitigate compliance risks by strictly adhering to national standards for organic fertilizer production, conducting thorough testing of finished products, and ensuring that indicators such as organic matter content and heavy metal limits meet the standards. This will prevent substandard products from entering the market. Risk control in the organic fertilizer production process must be implemented throughout the entire process, from raw material selection to finished product delivery. Each stage requires detailed control measures to ensure both product quality and safety, as well as environmental protection, thereby promoting the standardized development of the organic fertilizer industry and empowering ecological agriculture.
