Organic fertilizer, as a core fertilizer in green agriculture, uses organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, and kitchen waste as raw materials. Through scientific processing, it is transformed into nutrient-rich fertilizer, achieving both resource utilization of waste and improving soil and enhancing the quality of agricultural products. A complete organic fertilizer production process mainly consists of four stages: raw material pretreatment, fermentation and maturation, deep processing, and finished product inspection. Each step is interconnected and indispensable.
Raw material pretreatment is the foundation of production, with the core being impurity removal and ratio adjustment. First, the raw materials are screened to remove impurities such as stones and plastics. Then, coarse fiber materials such as straw are crushed to less than 5 mm to increase the contact area for microorganisms. At the same time, the raw materials are adjusted to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1-30:1, and the moisture content is adjusted to 55%-65% by adding livestock and poultry manure, creating a suitable environment for fermentation.
Fermentation and maturation are crucial for organic fertilizer production and the core of harmless treatment. The pre-treated raw materials are sent to the fermentation tank, inoculated with composting bacteria, and regularly turned over by a compost turning machine to ensure sufficient oxygen and promote aerobic fermentation. During fermentation, the temperature naturally rises to above 55℃ and lasts for 5-7 days, effectively killing pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the raw materials. The entire fermentation cycle is about 15-25 days, during which temperature and moisture are monitored in real time until the raw materials are fully composted, turning black, odorless, and having a loose texture, completing the decomposition and transformation of organic matter.
Deep processing aims to improve fertilizer efficiency and practicality, including screening, crushing, granulation, drying, and cooling. The composted material is screened through a multi-layer vibrating screen of 1-3 mm to remove uncomposted impurities. Unqualified particles are crushed again to meet the standards before entering the granulation stage. Different processes can be selected for granulation according to market demand. Disc granulation is commonly used, which has a high molding rate and produces round and uniform granules. The granulated organic fertilizer has a high moisture content and needs to be immediately sent to drying equipment. The drying temperature is controlled at 80-100℃, and drying continues until the moisture content drops below 15%. Subsequently, the granules are cooled to room temperature to prevent clumping and mold growth, while also increasing their hardness for easier storage and transportation.
Product inspection is the last line of defense before shipment. Staff conduct sample testing of the finished organic fertilizer for moisture content, organic matter content, pH value, heavy metal content, and other indicators to ensure compliance with national organic fertilizer industry standards. After passing the inspection, the product is weighed, packaged, and labeled with information such as product composition, uses, and shelf life before being released to the market.
This complete organic fertilizer production process transforms organic waste into valuable resources, solving the problem of waste pollution and providing high-quality fertilizer for agricultural production. Standardized production of organic fertilizer is both a manifestation of the green development concept and an important support for promoting sustainable agricultural development.
