With the upgrading of green agricultural development, organic fertilizer has become a core force in replacing chemical fertilizers, protecting soil health, and improving the quality of agricultural products. The production of high-quality organic fertilizer is not simply a matter of piling up raw materials for fermentation; it requires strict control of several key stages. Neglecting any stage can lead to insufficient fertility and substandard safety. Only by standardizing the operation of each stage can organic fertilizer that meets standards and possesses both fertility and safety be produced.
Raw material selection and pretreatment are the source of product quality assurance. "Compound fertilizers are judged by their nutrients, organic fertilizers by their raw materials." The quality of raw materials directly determines the basic fertility and safety of organic fertilizer. In production, suitable raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw should be given priority, while prohibited materials such as fly ash and sludge should be strictly avoided. Raw materials requiring evaluation must undergo safety testing before use. Simultaneously, the raw materials need to be crushed and sieved to remove impurities such as stones and plastics. The moisture content should be adjusted to 50%-60%, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio controlled at 25-30:1. This lays the foundation for subsequent fermentation and prevents uneven fertilizer efficiency or fermentation failure due to excessive impurities or imbalanced ratios.
High-temperature fermentation is the core process in organic fertilizer production, directly affecting the product's maturity and safety. Temperature, humidity, and aeration must be carefully controlled during fermentation. The high-temperature period must be maintained at 55-65℃ for at least 5 days to thoroughly kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the raw materials. Regular turning with a compost turner ensures oxygen supply, preventing anaerobic fermentation from producing foul odors and harmful substances. Compound microbial agents are added to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Incomplete fermentation can not only cause root and seedling burn after application but also spread pests and diseases, severely impacting crop growth.
Post-processing and testing are the final line of defense for product quality. After fermentation, the product needs to be sieved, granulated, dried, and cooled, with the moisture content controlled below 30% to ensure the product is not prone to mold. Simultaneously, rigorous testing of organic matter, total nutrients, heavy metals, and microbial indicators is required to ensure compliance with industry standards. Specifically, the mortality rate of ascarid eggs must be ≥95%, and the fecal coliform count ≤100 CFU/g. Furthermore, packaging labeling must be standardized, clearly indicating the raw material name, nutrient content, production date, and other information. During storage and transportation, proper moisture and sunlight protection must be implemented to prevent nutrient loss.
Every crucial step in organic fertilizer production is interconnected. Raw material pretreatment lays a solid foundation, high-temperature fermentation enhances quality, and post-processing and testing maintain the minimum standards. Only by strictly adhering to production standards and controlling every detail can the resource utilization of agricultural waste be achieved, producing high-quality organic fertilizer and providing strong support for the development of green agriculture.
