In the fermentation and composting stage of an organic fertilizer production line, the differences between chicken manure and cow manure are not only reflected in their basic characteristics, but also permeate the entire process, including pretreatment, microbial activity, equipment adaptation, and environmental control, directly affecting composting efficiency and the safety of the finished product.
The pretreatment requirements for raw materials are drastically different. Chicken manure contains a large amount of urate, and direct composting can easily produce high concentrations of ammonia. Therefore, 0.5%-1% superphosphate needs to be added beforehand to neutralize acidic substances, and 20%-30% straw needs to be mixed in to adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to approximately 20:1. Cow manure, on the other hand, has a loose texture and, although high in moisture, is rich in humus. Only 10%-15% dry sawdust needs to be added to reduce the moisture content to below 65%, and it can enter the composting stage without additional acid-base adjustment.
The patterns of microbial activity also differ significantly. In the initial stage of chicken manure composting, thermophilic bacteria multiply rapidly within 3 days, causing the pile temperature to quickly rise to 65-70℃. During this stage, daily temperature monitoring is necessary, and the pile should be turned immediately when it exceeds 70℃ to prevent the high temperature from killing beneficial microorganisms. In cow manure composting, microbial reproduction is slower, and the pile temperature takes 5-7 days to reach 55-60℃, with the high-temperature period lasting 15-20 days. The turning interval can be extended to 3-4 days, which is more conducive to organic matter decomposition.
Equipment compatibility also differs. Chicken manure compost is prone to clumping, requiring a turner with crushing capabilities to ensure a loose and aerated pile. Cow manure compost, on the other hand, has good material flowability, and a standard trough-type turner suffices. Furthermore, chicken manure compost produces a higher concentration of ammonia, necessitating high-efficiency deodorization equipment such as biological filters or plasma deodorization devices. Cow manure compost emits less waste gas, and a simple spray deodorization system can meet environmental requirements.
The final application scenarios for the finished products differ. Chicken manure compost has a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 6%-8%, making it suitable as a base fertilizer or top dressing for fruits and vegetables, significantly improving fruit quality. Cow manure compost has an organic matter content exceeding 35%, offering a mild and long-lasting effect, making it more suitable for field crop cultivation and saline-alkali land improvement, effectively improving soil structure.
Understanding these differences helps manufacturers precisely configure organic fertilizer production line equipment, optimize composting parameters, achieve efficient conversion of different raw materials, and produce high-quality organic fertilizer that meets market demands.
