In the production of organic fertilizer, the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure is a core step, directly determining the quality and production efficiency of the organic fertilizer. It is also a core checkpoint in ensuring product compliance and usability during the organic fertilizer production process. To improve fermentation efficiency, a collaborative system needs to be formed from multiple dimensions, including raw material allocation, parameter control, and technology optimization, to achieve efficient and high-quality composting and transformation.
Raw material pretreatment is a fundamental prerequisite for fermentation. Livestock and poultry manure generally suffers from an imbalanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; for example, chicken manure has a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of only 10-15:1, far below the suitable range of 25-30:1 for microorganisms. During production, carbon source additives such as corn stalks and sawdust can be added in proportion, which can both adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and increase the porosity of the compost pile. Simultaneously, it's crucial to control the particle size of the raw materials. Using crushing equipment, the manure should be processed to a suitable particle size, ensuring sufficient contact area for microorganisms while avoiding excessive crushing that reduces aeration. Humidity needs to be maintained at 50%-60%. If too wet, add dry straw to absorb moisture; if too dry, add water appropriately, creating a solid environmental foundation for microbial activity.
Precise control of fermentation parameters is key to quality improvement. Regarding temperature, the compost pile must be maintained at a high temperature of 55-70℃ for at least 5 days. This range activates thermophilic microorganisms, accelerating organic matter decomposition, and kills pathogens and weed seeds. When the temperature exceeds 70℃, forced ventilation or turning the pile can be used to lower the temperature and prevent inhibited microbial activity. Aeration control is equally important. Aerobic fermentation requires maintaining an oxygen content of 5%-15% in the compost pile. Dynamic oxygen supply can be achieved using bottom aeration pipes or turning equipment to prevent anaerobic environments from generating foul odors and reducing efficiency. Furthermore, pH value should be monitored throughout the process to maintain a neutral to slightly alkaline environment, ensuring stable microbial metabolism.
Technology and equipment upgrades are essential for increased efficiency. Introducing advanced processes such as intelligent fermentation chambers and membrane covering enables automated parameter control. For example, membrane covering technology locks in heat and nitrogen, keeping the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio fluctuation within ±5% and reducing odor escape. Adding specialized microbial agents can specifically enhance the activity of degrading bacteria, shortening the traditional 3-6 month fermentation cycle to 1-3 months. Simultaneously, secondary composting equipment is provided to ensure that the materials are fully converted into stable humus, providing high-quality composting raw materials for the organic fertilizer making process, and ultimately producing high-quality organic fertilizer that meets the standards.
