Fresh chicken manure, while rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter, poses a risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. Through scientific processes, it can be transformed into high-efficiency, environmentally friendly granular organic fertilizer, achieving resource recycling. This transformation process involves multiple meticulous steps, each containing scientific principles.
Pre-treatment is the foundation of the transformation. Fresh chicken manure has a moisture content of 70%-80%, so it must first be screened to remove feathers, stones, and other impurities. Then, auxiliary materials such as straw and rice husks are added in proportion to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to approximately 25:1, while controlling the moisture content to 55%-65%. A composite fermentation agent is then added and thoroughly mixed using a mixer, laying the foundation for subsequent fermentation. This step solves the problem of poor aeration in chicken manure and provides balanced nutrition for microbial activity.
Fermentation and maturation are the core processes, considered the crucial step for a complete transformation, and the key stage in the organic fertilizer making process that determines product quality. The mixed materials are sent to fermentation tanks or piled into windrows to initiate the aerobic fermentation process. Initially, microorganisms multiply rapidly, and the pile temperature rises to 50-60°C within 2-3 days; then it enters a high-temperature period of 65-75°C, continuously killing insect eggs, pathogenic bacteria, and weed seeds. During this period, the material needs to be regularly turned using a compost turning machine to ensure oxygen supply and promote uniform fermentation. After 18-22 days of primary fermentation, the material is transferred to a curing workshop for secondary maturation for 13-15 days, until the moisture content drops below 40%, resulting in a dark brown, odorless, loose state, and the humification process is complete.
The matured material needs to undergo refining treatment to form granules. First, it is crushed to a particle size of ≤5mm using a crusher. Then, cassava residue, peanut meal, and other materials are added to supplement trace elements and adjust the pH value to a suitable range of 7.5-8.0, according to crop needs. Finally, it is sent to a granulator, where, under centrifugal force or extrusion, the material is rolled into uniform granules of 2-5mm. If necessary, a small amount of binder is sprayed to improve granule strength.
Finally, drying, cooling, screening, and packaging complete the organic fertilizer production process. The granules are dried at 60-80℃ to remove excess moisture, reducing the water content to below 15%. They are then cooled to room temperature in a cooling machine to prevent clumping. After screening, unqualified granules are removed (and returned for reprocessing), while qualified granules are quantitatively packaged by an automatic packaging machine, ultimately becoming high-quality granular organic fertilizer ready for use in agriculture. From a potential source of pollution to "soil gold," the transformation journey of fresh chicken manure is not only a testament to the wisdom of scientific processing but also a vivid illustration of the circular development of ecological agriculture.
